When an unlikely character, object, ability, or idea is introduced to quickly end the conflict.
Deus ex machina is when an unlikely character, object, ability, or idea is introduced into a story in order to quickly end the conflict. The term comes from ancient Greek theater, where a god would literally be lowered onto the stage by a machine to resolve the plot.
It often feels forced or unrealistic, and is generally considered a weakness in writing. When a story's central problem is solved by something that wasn't established earlier in the narrative, it can feel like the author took a shortcut rather than crafting a satisfying resolution.
That said, some writers use deus ex machina intentionally for ironic or comedic effect. Understanding the device helps writers either avoid it or employ it with purpose.
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